Author: Randall Reeder

April 1, 2012

COLUMBUS: The Supreme Court heard the arguments on the health care law last week and is pondering a decision. If they find out the cost estimate has tripled from $900 Billion a year to $2600 Billion they will vote it down 9-0. See, if it goes through it’ll take ALL our tax money and we can’t afford a Supreme Court. Those justices know they have job security, but there’s no guarantee we’ll pay ‘em.

Now that protests across the country have drawn attention to the terrible death of a black 17-year old in Florida, maybe Rev. Sharpton and the others can take on a much bigger problem among minorities, whether African, Mexican or Indian. That is the hundreds killed every month by those of their own race.  Illegal drugs, prescription drugs, liquor, gang violence, and a variety of crimes are killing our young people. And Whites are not exempt from this mayhem either.

Congressmen who spout off  while wearing a cowboy hat or a hooded sweatshirt come across as a poorly informed judge-want-to-be who’s eager to hang a perpetrator before he has been charged. Maybe Senator Coburn and Congressmen Ron Paul and Jim McDermott (doctors) can bring some sanity to the discussion of how to battle these evils killing our young folks.

In New York, Mayor Bloomberg is protecting hungry vagrants from the scourge of too much salt, sugar, and trans fats, but he lost a well-fed constituent who dined on tofu.

The $650 million lottery jackpot will be split by three winners who each get $100 million. If that arithmetic seems odd it’s because the federal and state governments take their half of the winnings off the top. Over a hundred million folks bought losing tickets without being forced to, yet we’ll complain about having to pay our income taxes. The odds of getting your tax money back in government services, though slim, is way higher than winning a lottery. I wonder how many tickets were bought with a welfare check or food stamp dollars.

The basketball championship comes down to UK or KU. It’s Kansas and Kentucky, two basketball powerhouses whose history goes back to James Naismith, Pfog Allen and Adolph Rupp. A Kentucky win means they will have to truck in some old couches from colleges in neighboring states; after recent wins they already burned all of ‘em in Lexington. No use to ask West Virginia; they burned all their remaining couches after the Orange Bowl.

Meanwhile the Republican championship is between Romney and Santorum. Mitt is coasting along well ahead, while Rick’s followers (this being Easter week) are praying he will rise again.

Historic quotes by Will Rogers:

“Did you read about those great Kentucky basketball players?” DT #532, April 10, 1928 (Actually Will was congratulating Ashland College of KY, which won the NIT.)

(At the end of a nice tribute to mothers on Mothers Day, 1935)  “Father had a Day, but you can’t find anybody who remembers when it was. It’s been so confused with April the First.” Radio, May 12, 1935

March 25, 2012

COLUMBUS: This is income tax paying season. It opens right at the end of winter and lasts until April 15. Even thinking about is exhausting. In fact, to save my energy I’m turning the rest of this column over to Will Rogers. (These quotes on taxes are from 1923 to 1935. All these years later, has anything changed?)
“This is income tax paying  day. There is going to be no attempt at humor, for it would be mighty forced. No two can agree on what is deductible. When it’s made out you don’t know if you are a crook or martyr. It’s made more liars out of the American people than golf.  By the way, did you charge off money given to the Democratic campaign? You could; it’s a legitimate charity, not organized but a charity nevertheless.
No one that made enough to pay a tax this year (1931) should kick. In fact it’s increased taxes on incomes of over one hundred thousand net where the money should come from to supply work during slack time.
Our financial ills will never be settled till you fix it so every man will pay an income tax on what he earns, be it a farm, grocery store or municipal or government bonds.
You can’t legitimately kick on income tax, for it’s on what you have made. You have already made it. But, look at land, farms, homes, stores, vacant lots. You pay year after year on them whether you make it or not. Every land or property owner in America would be tickled to death to pay 45 percent of his profits, if he didn’t have to pay anything if he didn’t make it.
I have always claimed that the farmer will get no relief by legislation, for there is more people eating than there is raising, so he is a minority before he starts. His relief should come through taxes. When a farm don’t (make) anything, it shouldn’t be taxed.
We got a long-sighted government. When everybody has got money they cut the taxes, and when they’re broke they raise ’em.
We owe more money than any Nation in the World, and WE ARE LOWERING TAXES (1926). When is the time to pay off a debt if it is not when you are doing well? Seventy percent of every dollar paid in the way of taxes goes to just the keeping up the interest… Why don’t we do our best to try and cut down the principal, so it will lower that tremendous interest?
There is a tremendous movement on to get lower taxes on earned incomes. Then will come the real problem, “Who among us on salary are earning our income?”
There is some talk of lowering it, and they will have to.  People are not making enough to pay it.
Say did you read in the papers about a bunch of Women up in British Columbia as a protest against high taxes, sit out in the open naked, and they wouldn’t put their clothes on? The authorities finally turned a sprayer on ’em. That may lead into quite a thing. Woman comes into the tax office nude, saying I won’t pay. Well they can’t search her and get anything. It sounds great. How far is it to British Columbia?”

COLUMBUS: President Obama made some curious comments this week. He took a jab at Republicans by saying they would have not supported Christopher Columbus when he set sail from Spain in 1492. In fact, Columbus had great difficulty rounding up a crew for his three ships because not only Republicans, but Democrats too, thought they might sail off the edge.

Well, Columbus traveled by wind power because he knew it was too far to row. If he could have bought some diesel engines, believe me, he would have used ‘em. He set off to find India, and when he accidently landed on our shores, he thought he had done it. Now, us Cherokees and Seminoles already knew who we were, and where we lived, but he insisted we were Indians.

If this continent had not gotten in his way, Columbus would have spent another year or two sailing toward India. But I doubt even the Democrats would have stuck with him that long without a mutiny.

President Obama was in Illinois for another fund raiser and he reminded Republicans they could learn something from Lincoln. He likes to compare himself to Lincoln and I don’t blame him. The whole state of Illinois is proud to be the Land of Lincoln, but I don’t remember Lincoln being overly proud of the politicians from Chicago.  I guess this fall we can decide who is more like Lincoln: a Democrat from Chicago, or a Republican from Massachusetts.

Then the President took a swipe at Rutherford B. Hayes, a Republican from Ohio, by saying he saw no future for the telephone. Well, in fact President Hayes had the first one installed in the White House in 1879, just two years after Alexander Graham Bell invented it. The White House phone number was 1. I think the Democratic National Committee had number 2. Mr. Hayes may have been frustrated that the line was often busy, mainly because the Democrats were constantly calling their campaign contributors asking for more money.

I wonder if President Obama realizes that Bell received no government funds to invent the telephone. It took a few decades for the telephone to become more popular than the telegraph, but no one in the White House ever claimed that the cost of sending a telegram should be raised to $9.99 to help it along.

Yes, Columbus’ trip was one hundred percent government funded by Queen Isabella, but with the stipulation that he return to Spain with double the dollar amount in gold.   Well, us so-called Indians had no gold to steal, so he went home with nothing but a few trinkets, a hundred muskrat hides, and a dozen pairs of alligator boots.

Historic quote by Will Rogers:
“Being an Indian, I don’t mind telling you that personally I am sorry Columbus ever found us. The discovery of America has been of no material benefit to us, outside of losing all our land. I am proud to say that I have never yet seen a statue to him in Oklahoma.” WA #190, Aug. 1, 1926

COLUMBUS: We can’t get away from the argument over oil. Energy Secretary Steven Chu has stated several times that he wants gasoline prices to rise. A Congressman asked him if he happens to own a Chevy Volt. Mr. Chu said, “No, I don’t own any car.”  Can you imagine if someone questioned the Secretary of Agriculture about rising food prices and he replied, “Doesn’t bother me. I don’t eat.”

Speaking of eating, I read where a young woman won a million dollar lottery last fall, and has continued to receive food stamps. When a TV reporter caught up with her she said, “After taxes, I only got $500,000 in the bank, and I have to eat.” Well, the government finally cut her off because she won the lottery. I think they should go farther: no one who PLAYS the lottery should receive food stamps.

Last week a reporter asked President Obama if he favored higher gasoline prices. The President responded, “Do you think any president running for re-election wants higher gas prices?” He didn’t really answer the question. To be honest, what he should have said was, “I do not favor higher gas prices until after the election.”

I read on the internet that he likes Herman Cain’s 9-9-9 plan. Only for the President, it’s “$9.99 a gallon.”

I don’t like to complain about a president, but his plan to eventually shut down oil production makes no sense. Suppose he had been president just over a hundred years ago when Mr. Ford invented the assembly line and started building Model T Fords so cheap that almost anybody could afford one. He might have said, “This won’t do. Mr. Rockefeller and the Oklahoma oil men are selling oil for less than a dollar a barrel, and with millions of cars, why, look at all the roads and bridges we would have to build. People can ride street cars and trains. We don’t want more cars belching out exhaust fumes. Besides, with all those cars, in 20 years we would use up all our oil and have to go back to harpooning whales.”

You can cuss oil and gas and coal all you want, but you won’t find anything cheaper to power the country. When we run out, whatever replaces it will cost more.

Here’s an odd newspaper report. It seems the federal government has been paying students to walk to school, or at least paying the schools. And because we’re $16 Trillion in debt, from now on they may have to walk for nothing. Think of all the old-timers who walked to school every day, through rain, mud, snow and ice, uphill and down, and never got a nickel from the government.

Historic quote by Will Rogers:

“What a great territory (Oklahoma) we had before we struck oil and Republicans, followed by mortgages, foreclosures and impeachments.” DT #670, Sept. 18, 1928

March 4, 2012

This week was Ohio’s turn to get acquainted with the candidates. I got 7 calls from Mitt Romney and 4 from Rick Santorum. I don’t mind hearing from them, but whenever I asked a question they would just say, “I approve this message,” and hang up.

With several million voters in these “Super Tuesday” states the Republican candidates are like Santa Claus on Christmas Eve: everywhere at the same time. But some folks say they are more like Scrooge because they want to reduce our government checks and free services.

So many people are out of work or looking for better jobs they don’t seem to care about our $16 Trillion debt. If the Chinese aren’t complaining, why should we?

And it looks like Obama and whoever the Republicans pick will spend over a Billion dollars each on the November election. That’s nothing new. Before the 1928 election I said, “So much money is being spent on the campaign that I doubt if either man, as good as they are, are worth what it will cost to elect him.”

Two or three Billion for an election seems like a lot of dough. But I read in the paper that last year we spent $50 Billion on pets. Two-thirds went for food and veterinarian care. But we spent $15 Billion on non-essentials like a Halloween costume for Fido, and professional groomers. Whatever happened to the day when the dogs ate leftover biscuits and table scraps? And cats lived in the barn and kept the mice and rats under control? We loved ‘em just as much, and they thrived in the great outdoors.

Israel’s Prime Minister Netanyahu is in Washington to talk turkey with President Obama. The President gave a good speech today proclaiming his total and unwavering support for Israel, but he still does not want them to bomb Iran. Military experts say Israel can’t fly a thousand miles to bomb Iran. But if Israel decides to kill Iran’s nuclear plans they won’t drop bombs. No, they will quietly sneak in through a back door. Ahmadinejad is liable to wake up one morning and see that all his nuclear experts have vanished, along with all essential nuclear equipment.

The big debate here, besides picking a Republican candidate, is over gas prices. The Energy Secretary said he doesn’t want lower prices and feels high prices would help us drive less. The President said that in 12 years our cars will get 55 miles per gallon and we’ll save $8000 on gas. But I’m not sure how we’re going to save much if gas is $8 or $10 a gallon.

What he forgot to say is that in order to make cars light and fuel efficient, they’ll make the bodies out of paper-thin plastic. The only way we’ll save $8000 is if we’re so disgusted with the miniature cars we’ll park ‘em and walk.

Historic quotes by Will Rogers:
“I’ve been reading about the Primary Elections. Looks like everybody that remains honest is getting beat.” DT #43, Sept. 20, 1926
“(A war) over religion is really the most bitter.” WA #350, Sept. 8, 1929
“I love a dog. He does nothing for political reasons.”  Dec. 3, 1933

Did you know we produce 10 Million barrels of oil a day in this country? Only problem is we use 20 Million. I heard a former governor today say that even if we doubled production, the price of gasoline would go down only 3 cents a gallon. I guess by the same logic if we plugged all our oil wells, it would go up 3 cents.

Sen. Schumer gave up on the President allowing more oil production, and asked Saudi Arabia to ship more to us. That’s the best solution to our oil shortage I ever heard from a politician.

The more Washington complains about gasoline prices, the higher they go. Instead of complaining, maybe the President could ask the oil companies a question: “What would you like me to do to help lower your cost of producing gasoline and diesel from crude oil?” Now, some of their answers would be downright hilarious, but they might offer a valuable nugget or two.

Speaking of gasoline, Ford and the other car companies are selling at a rapid pace. In fact General Motors sold so many vehicles their profit last year was $9 Billion.  Considering GM still owes us $80 Billion, that money would be a nice boost to deficit reduction. But no, GM is instead doling out bonuses to their workers.  Remember back when the “old” GM went into bankruptcy, the UAW folks kept their wages, but the stockholders (including millions of small investors, mutual funds and retirement funds) got zero. Maybe those folks deserve a piece of the profit, too.

In Afghanistan, after ten years, Billions of dollars and many lives lost, the situation continues to go haywire. What are we doing in a region where the punishment for accidently  burning a Koran is death? If the radical Islamists would spend their time reading the Koran instead of shooting Americans and other Afghan people, maybe we could get out peacefully.  But really the blame belongs to the Muslim leaders who are riling up their ignorant masses.

The Russians tried to control ‘em for ten years and gave up. We’ve been there ten more years and we only learned one thing: you cannot re-habilitate men that never were habilitated in the first place.

The Artist won Academy Awards for best movie, best actor, best director and a bunch of others. Looks like the old silent B&W’s are making a comeback.  Forget about talkies. You can drag an of old movie camera out of an MGM storage closet, round up Tom Mix and Clara Bow and a few Model T Fords, and make a top ranked movie for less than half a million.

Historic quotes by Will Rogers:

“Did you read young John D. Rockefeller’s plea to the oil men? He implored them to tell the truth, or tell something, whether it was the truth or not, but to please not just sit there, as that made the whole industry not only look dumb, but guilty.” DT #481, Feb. 9, 1928

 “No business in the United States is as cockeyed as the oil business.” DT #2115, May 15, 1933

 “They drill an oil well down straight for quite a little ways, then they got a gadget that turns it off to one side and they head it out towards where they know some oil is.” DT #2220, Sept. 14, 1933

COLUMBUS: Our government sure is good at making tough decisions. Congress voted to let everyone keep another 2% of their paycheck for the rest of the year. In the process they shortchanged Social Security so it will run out of money sooner. Will it help the economy bounce back? Not likely. Everybody will spend it on higher gasoline prices.

In the last few years we drilled more gas wells, brought more gas on the market and the wholesale price dropped from around $6 per unit to less than $3. Do you suppose the folks in Washington can ever figure out we might do the same with oil? Even if it comes from Canada.

President Obama says the Keystone pipeline can’t cross the border unless he says so.  Well, exactly how “thick” is the borderline between us and Canada? Is it an inch? Or, maybe less than a millimeter? You may be wondering, Why does it matter? Well, the President can’t stop a pipeline from being built in the United States; he can only stop one from crossing the border into the U. S.  So if we build a pipeline right up to the border on our side, and Canada builds a matching pipeline to the border on their side, the two ends could be a so close together you could barely slide a piece of paper between ‘em. When Canada starts pumping oil down the pipeline naturally some would leak out at the border causing an awful mess. The environmentalists would rise up and demand the President plug the leak. He would call a welder in to weld the ends together, environmentalists would cheer and vote for him again, and we would get the oil.

Have you heard about this new movie, “The Artist?” It’s more of an old movie because it’s silent, and black & white. It received ten Academy Award nominations, which gives you an idea how hard up they are for actors who can talk. I think it was nominated for best picture, actor, actress, sound effects, video editing, and cinematography. Is there an award for funniest captions? Well, I hope it wins a bunch of awards. If everybody starts watching the old time silent movies, I’ve got about 50 of ‘em I can blow the dust off and revive. “Ropin’ Fool” is 90 years old and it has drama, romance, comedy and a surprise ending that would rank it with any movie today.

Speaking of old timers, fifty years ago John Glenn became the first American astronaut to orbit the Earth. He sounds like he would be eager to go again if we had a way to get him up there.

Whitney Houston was buried today in New Jersey. She had a tremendous singing voice and it’s a shame she cut her life short with drugs. She will always be loved.

Historic quotes by Will Rogers:
“Everybody says, ‘Where’s the money is coming from we’re spending?’ Well, I don’t now, but just offhand, I’d say it’s coming from those that got it.” Radio, April 7, 1935

 “(The movie) business is undergoing a great change. In four or five years you will look back and laugh at yourself for ever having sat for hours and just looked at Pictures with no voice or no sound.” WA #286, June 17, 1928

COLUMBUS: Do you think Abraham Lincoln would have ever created such a mess? President Obama got into hot water with the Catholic church and associated organizations when he declared their health insurance policies must provide free birth control pills to employees even though it is against their faith. After an uproar, he compromised: the free pills would not be provided by the employer, but rather by the insurance company.

Suppose the government declared that all employers must provide free beer to employees. A university or hospital operated by the Mormons or Baptists might object because that goes against the beliefs of the church. Well, then the President would declare that those employees must still receive free beer if they want it, and here’s his solution: the beer will be provided at no cost by Coors and Busch and the other beer companies. Huh? Did anyone in the White House ever run a business? I bet they never even had a newspaper route or sold Girl Scout cookies.

Well, Greece is going through a budget crisis brought on by wild spending and a spoiled population of free-loaders. The Parliament voted to cut spending by $4 Billion in return for $170 Billion bailout from the U.S. and European banks. Sounds reasonable, but the free-loaders are burning Athens. So next summer, travelers to Greece will have even more ruins to look at.

Let’s hope nothing like that happens to us. Can you imagine this story in the New York Times in February 2022: As a result of demands by China and India, Congress met in emergency session (with the President and Supreme Court Justices sitting in the front row) to solve the financial catastrophe brought on by a national debt of $35 Trillion, and interest payments eating up 60% of all revenue. In an agreement that salvages a sliver of American dignity, our international creditors forgave $10 Trillion of the debt in return for Congress immediately cutting $2 Trillion in annual spending. The package of drastic cuts includes: All government salaries will be cut immediately by 25%, and within 6 months 20% of federal employees will be let go. The minimum wage will be cut from the current level of $16/hr to $5 to help boost employment opportunities, especially for youth and liberal arts college grads.  Aid to states will be eliminated. To help state governments deal with the loss in revenue, union contracts of public employees at all levels are null and void, and these unions are banned. (Unions for private employees are not affected.) Social Security checks, federal retirement checks, and Medicare reimbursements will be cut immediately by 20%. All farm subsidies are eliminated, meaning food will cost you what it’s worth. All foreign aid is eliminated, and military bases in other countries will be closed. From now on, you fellows in other countries will have to look out for yourselves. To increase income tax revenue slightly, all deductions are wiped out. Everyone making up to $50,000 will pay 5%; from $50,000 to $100,000 will pay 15%, and everyone above $100,000 will pay 25%.

The good news is, if Congress acts in 2012 instead of 2022, the cuts won’t be so drastic. Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia appears to be serious about the deficit. So is Sen. Coburn of Oklahoma. But whether they can round up a majority who agree on the cuts required to balance the budget I got my doubts.

Historic quotes by Will Rogers:
“The South is dry and will vote dry. That is, everybody that is sober enough to stagger to the polls will.” DT #66, Oct. 28, 1926

“I get paid for getting laughs and I found out that the majority of the people would laugh more if I kidded the drys.  But lots of people laugh one way and vote the other. Look at Congress; it voted dry and drinks wet.”  The Cowboy Philosopher on Prohibition.

HAMLER, Ohio: With so many small town banks disappearing, it is pure pleasure when you get invited to spend an evening with the stockholders of one that is prospering. These farm communities may not be as well off as some of our elite suburbs, but they sure don’t lag behind in spirit and contentment.

They hold this annual shindig in the cafeteria of the Patrick Henry High School. (Where did you think it would be, in a country club?) The school calls themselves the Patriots, and their colors are red, white and blue. That seems safe, but when I walked in…remember, here I am a quarter-blood Cherokee… I see signs and posters all over the walls saying, “Patriots, beat the Indians”. That gave me quite a jolt. I thought, didn’t they already do that 300 years ago?

But it turns out the students were getting revved up for a big game this weekend, and it had nothing to do with the Bank, or the speaker. This year, any team named the Patriots is destined to win a championship, even if they have to beat a few Indians to do it.

I reminded them of a line from a few years ago, “The banker, the lawyer, and the politician are still our best bets for a laugh.” (August 11, 1935)

But here lately, the banker has been falling behind the lawyers and politicians when it comes to humor. I told ’em, if you’re going to catch up with those two, you bankers need to team up with the accountants. And you’ll get the comedy prize for sure if you can latch on to all those jokers from Arthur Andersen.

Speaking of prizes, the Winter Olympics have started in Utah. At the opening ceremony we learned the answer to the old question, How many hockey players from the 1980 gold medal team does it take to light an Olympic caldron? Answer: All of them.

And another question, How many Americans does it take to carry a torn and tattered flag salvaged from the World Trade Towers? Answer: about 270 million.

The United States won all three medals in a sport I had never heard of. Nobody from any other country had heard of it either till a week ago.

Two Canadian skaters beat the Russians on the ice, but lost in the judges chambers.

Historic quotes by Will Rogers:

“The old Farmer has had pretty tough sledding in the last few years, and he hears about all the Americans going to Europe every summer and to Florida every winter, and here he is. He can’t leave for fear his home Bank will be watching him. He believes in his heart that a few Bills passed by Congress would assist him in helping to pay some Interest on the second or third Mortgages.” WA #220, Feb. 27, 1927

“Papers today say, ‘What would Lincoln do today?’

Well, in the first place, he wouldn’t chop any wood. He would trade his axe in on a Ford.

Being a Republican he would vote the Democratic ticket.

Being in sympathy for the underdog he would be classed as a radical progressive.

Having a sense of humor he would be called eccentric.” DT #2349, Feb. 12, 1934

“Rail splitting produced an immortal President in Abraham Lincoln; but Golf, with 20 thousand courses, hasent produced even a good “A number 1″ Congressman. There hasent been a Patrick Henry showed up since business men quit eating lunch with their families, joined a club and have indigestion from amateur Oratory.” Saturday Evening Post, June 2, 1928

COLUMBUS: New York upset New England in the Super Bowl, 21-17, by playing great defense in the second half. The Giants have won 4 Super Bowls and the Patriots have lost 4. Do you suppose next year we might have a team in there that hasn’t made it before, say, the Cleveland Browns?

Meanwhile in politics, a fellow from New England got endorsed by a New Yorker. Yes, Donald Trump promised to sway his millions of followers to vote for Mitt Romney. Trump has billions of dollars, which makes Gov. Romney feel downright poor by comparison.

Romney won the Nevada caucus vote and Gingrich came in second. I think Romney could wrap up the nomination by announcing that, if elected, he would name Ron Paul the Director of the Budget. However, I heard a Republican voter in Florida say she wants Newt for the debates against Obama, and Romney to be the President.  I bet some Democrats would like Obama to give the speeches and let Hillary and Bill run the country.

Last fall a lot of prominent folks came out in support of Occupy Wall Street. If the mayor of New York (and other cities it spread to) had immediately shut down the rat and trash infested camps and sent everybody home it would have saved millions of dollars and let over-worked police get back to their real job of protecting the community. Instead it dragged on, and in Oakland and Washington, DC, young hoodlums now  “occupy” the Occupy movement.

Iran is kinda like those Occupiers. President Obama (and Bush before him) tried to talk nice to them about their plans for building a nuclear bomb, but talking has not worked because Russia and China are siding with Iran. Like a sore between your toes, if you don’t take care of it early, gangrene can kill you.

Our Columbus Dispatch newspaper today ran two stories side by side. In one, the Obama administration is close to allowing 400 wind turbines to be installed in the Atlantic Ocean from New Jersey to Virginia. In the other, Cuba is drilling oil wells 60 miles offshore from Florida which are expected to provide “billions of barrels of oil.”  Now I wonder, how many decades will the wind have to blow for those turbines to produce energy equal to that much oil?

Good news for our economy. We added 240,000 jobs last month. If this keeps up we won’t have to go back to horses just to put more people to work. Replacing cars with horses would create 20 million new jobs, including a million just cleaning up streets behind ‘em.

Historic quotes by Will Rogers:
“Conditions win elections, not speeches… If things are bad by next summer and fall [the President] will get the blame without the Republicans making a single speech.” Radio, June 9, 1935

 “If everybody (traded his car for a horse) they would be out of debt in a couple of years. Just think, no gas, no tires, no roads to pay for.” DT #2043, Feb. 20, 1933